← Florida's state agencies, by the numbers
State Court System
Spending excluding construction grew 46.0% between FY2019 and FY2026 against a population-and-inflation baseline of 45.1%, in line with the baseline. FY2026 spending excluding construction: $772M.
Snapshot
Between FY2019 and FY2026, Florida's population grew 11.9% and prices in the South region (CPI-U) rose 29.7%. Together they account for 45.1% growth in any figure that kept pace with the state. That is the baseline every figure below is compared to. “At the baseline” figures are what each amount would be if it had grown at exactly that rate since FY2019; “cumulative” sums the yearly difference between the actual figure and that path. They describe the arithmetic, not what the agency could or should have done. “Spending excluding construction” is the amount spent in every appropriation category except fixed capital outlay (construction and land, which is appropriated in one year, spent over several and recorded against the year appropriated) and transfers to a state trust fund or the General Revenue Fund (dollars that appear again as spending when drawn from the receiving fund). Each is shown separately where it occurs.
Fiscal years are named by the year they end in: FY2026 is July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026. “Spending” is the amount disbursed as recorded on Transparency Florida; the “operating budget” is the year's appropriations as amended during the year.
Spending against the baseline
State Courts spending excluding construction rose from $529M in FY2019 to $772M in FY2026, 46.0%. The population-and-inflation baseline was 45.1%: at that rate the FY2026 figure would be $767M, so FY2026 is $4.7M above the baseline. Over the seven years FY2020–FY2026, spending excluding construction ran a cumulative $63M below the baseline path. (The end point and the path point different ways because earlier years ran the other way.)
Actual spending excluding construction as recorded on Transparency Florida; the dashed line is the FY2019 figure grown by population and inflation.
Each bar is the year's actual minus the FY2019 figure grown by population and inflation to that year. The cumulative figure in the snapshot is the sum of these bars from FY2020.
| Fiscal year ($ millions) | Spending excluding construction | At the FY2019 baseline | Above (+) / below (−) | Fixed capital outlay (recorded against the year) | Transfers to state funds | Spending, all categories | Operating budget | Budget not drawn in year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2015 | 492.5 | — | — | 10.1 | 15.4 | 518.0 | 518.0 | 0.0 |
| FY2016 | 488.1 | — | — | 15.3 | 0.0 | 503.5 | 503.5 | 0.0 |
| FY2017 | 494.6 | — | — | 14.0 | 0.0 | 508.6 | 508.6 | 0.0 |
| FY2018 | 519.5 | — | — | 3.4 | 0.0 | 522.9 | 522.9 | 0.0 |
| FY2019 | 528.6 | 528.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 528.6 | 528.6 | 0.0 |
| FY2020 | 552.5 | 543.5 | 9.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 554.1 | 554.1 | 0.0 |
| FY2021 | 552.1 | 566.0 | −14.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 552.1 | 552.1 | 0.0 |
| FY2022 | 596.3 | 619.9 | −23.6 | 51.2 | 0.0 | 647.5 | 647.7 | 0.1 |
| FY2023 | 639.6 | 672.4 | −32.8 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 640.1 | 640.6 | 0.5 |
| FY2024 | 700.0 | 708.0 | −8.0 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 711.7 | 715.5 | 3.8 |
| FY2025 | 738.2 | 736.2 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 739.4 | 742.3 | 2.9 |
| FY2026 | 771.6 | 766.9 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 773.4 | 780.1 | 6.7 |
| FY2027 (in progress; spending to date) | — | — | — | — | — | 193.9 | 833.1 | — |
FY2027 is the year in progress: its operating budget is shown and its spending to date is not compared with any baseline. “Budget not drawn in year” is the operating budget minus spending; reversions have already been taken out of the operating budget, so the gap is authority still being spent in later years or never drawn — the observations say which categories it sits in. FY2027's operating budget carries, for construction, balances from earlier years' appropriations.
Where the money comes from
Of the FY2026 operating budget (all categories, construction included), 86% was General Revenue, 13% state trust funds and an estimated 2% federal money. Spending excluding construction from state funds (General Revenue and state trust funds; General Revenue from the ledger, the trust-fund part by the fund rule) grew 45.7% between FY2019 and FY2026, in line with the baseline; from federal money it grew 62.6%, from $7.6M to $12M (the ledger pages give the General Revenue and trust-fund dollars exactly; the federal share of trust funds is estimated).
Spending by fund from the ledger pages (General Revenue and trust-fund disbursements exact); the federal share of each trust fund is the Legislature's classification of that fund, or the agency's own budget request for mixed funds.
| Operating budget by fund type ($ millions) | General Revenue | State trust funds (est.) | Federal (est.) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2019 | 441.3 | 79.7 | 7.6 | 528.6 |
| FY2020 | 462.8 | 82.8 | 8.5 | 554.1 |
| FY2021 | 460.9 | 82.0 | 9.1 | 552.1 |
| FY2022 | 544.7 | 92.2 | 10.8 | 647.7 |
| FY2023 | 535.1 | 96.0 | 9.5 | 640.6 |
| FY2024 | 615.3 | 90.2 | 10.1 | 715.5 |
| FY2025 | 636.7 | 94.6 | 10.9 | 742.3 |
| FY2026 | 669.4 | 98.3 | 12.4 | 780.1 |
| FY2027 (in progress) | 705.4 | 113.2 | 14.4 | 833.1 |
General Revenue is the state's general tax money. Trust funds hold money dedicated by law to a purpose; some are state money (licence fees, the lottery's education transfer, documentary stamp taxes), others carry federal grants. The split of trust funds into state and federal is an estimate: the Legislature's own classification of each fund (Fiscal Analysis in Brief) decides when a fund is essentially one or the other, and the agency's budget request gives the split for mixed funds. The about page gives the rule in full.
Where it goes
By budget entity
A budget entity is the unit the Legislature appropriates to inside an agency — a program, an institution, a division. Figures are spending excluding construction, the same basis as the rest of the page. Entities with spending in any of the years shown, largest in FY2026 first; an entity that rounds to zero in every column is left out. ↔ marks an entity whose change coincided with an opposite move in another entity the same year.
| Budget entity, spending ($ millions) | FY2019 | FY2022 | FY2024 | FY2026 | FY2019–FY2026 | At baseline, FY2026 | Above baseline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Court Operations - Circuit Courts | 352.1 | 395.4 | 461.2 | 507.2 | +44.0% | 510.8 | −3.7 |
| Court Operations - County Courts | 96.1 | 104.8 | 122.2 | 134.8 | +40.3% | 139.4 | −4.6 |
| Court Operations - Appellate Courts | 48.1 | 54.7 | 70.7 | 77.3 | +60.6% | 69.8 | 7.4 |
| Executive Direction and Support Services | 21.0 | 29.2 | 31.1 | 35.4 | +69.0% | 30.4 | 5.0 |
| Court Operations - Supreme Court | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.7 | 15.9 | +46.9% | 15.7 | 0.2 |
| Judicial Qualifications Commission Operations | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | +114.8% | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| Court Operations - Administered Funds | — | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | — | — | — |
By appropriation category
Spending by category from the public “Amount Spent by category” pages, largest in FY2026 first; categories with no spending in any year shown are left out. Categories are the state's: salaries and benefits, expenses, special categories (contracted services and most program payments), aid to local governments, fixed capital outlay (construction), and so on.
| Appropriation category, spending ($ millions) | FY2019 | FY2022 | FY2024 | FY2026 | FY2019–FY2026 | Above baseline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salaries and benefits | 459.5 | 505.1 | 608.8 | 674.9 | +46.9% | 8.1 |
| Special categories | 47.7 | 66.3 | 58.2 | 67.6 | +41.7% | −1.6 |
| Expenses | 15.5 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 17.6 | +13.4% | −4.9 |
| Data processing services | 2.7 | 4.1 | 6.4 | 9.1 | +240.1% | 5.2 |
| Other personal services | 1.5 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 1.8 | +17.2% | −0.4 |
| Fixed capital outlay | — | 50.1 | 8.1 | 1.1 | — | — |
| Grants and aids to local governments and non-state entities (fixed capital outlay) | — | 1.1 | 3.6 | 0.7 | — | — |
| Operating capital outlay | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.7 | −58.3% | −1.7 |
| Aid to local governments | — | — | 0.2 | — | — | — |
Special categories, by name
| Special categories, operating budget ($ millions, largest in FY2026) | FY2019 | FY2022 | FY2024 | FY2026 | FY2019–FY2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Courts Due Process Costs | 19.0 | 21.3 | 21.0 | 29.2 | +53.5% |
| Contracted Services | 11.2 | 17.2 | 15.7 | 14.9 | +33.2% |
| Problem Solving Courts | 6.2 | 13.4 | 9.2 | 9.4 | +52.1% |
| Mediation/Arbitration Services | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | −11.4% |
| Risk Management Insurance | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.2 | +30.1% |
| Civil Traffic Infraction Hearing Officers | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | +16.7% |
| Compensation to Retired Judges | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 1.8 | −11.0% |
| Florida Accounting Information Resource (Flair) System Replacement | — | — | 0.2 | 1.1 | — |
| Transfer to Department of Management Services - Human Resources Services Purchased Per Statewide Contract | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | +6.7% |
| Law Library/Legal Research | — | — | — | 0.9 | — |
| Enterprise Cybersecurity Resiliency | — | — | — | 0.5 | — |
| Domestic Violence Offender Monitoring Program | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | +24.9% |
| Grants and AIDS - Clerk of Court Information Technology | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | — |
| Supreme Court Law Library | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0% |
| District Court of Appeal Law Library | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | +120.7% |
Positions
Established positions went from 4,302 in FY2019 to 4,702 in FY2026 (+9.3%), against population growth of 11.9%; that is 2.0 positions per 10,000 residents in FY2026, from 2.0 in FY2019.
Established positions are those set up in the state's personnel system on the day the summary was taken; filled positions have someone in them.
| Positions (State Positions summary) | Authorized | Established | Filled | Vacant | Per 10,000 residents (established) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2015 | 4,320 | 4,189 | 4,090 | 100 | 2.1 |
| FY2016 | 4,328 | 4,258 | 4,134 | 124 | 2.1 |
| FY2017 | 4,334 | 4,292 | 4,133 | 158 | 2.1 |
| FY2018 | 4,296 | 4,294 | 4,096 | 197 | 2.1 |
| FY2019 | 4,304 | 4,302 | 4,125 | 176 | 2.0 |
| FY2020 | 4,314 | 4,314 | 4,143 | 171 | 2.0 |
| FY2021 | 4,398 | 4,398 | 4,120 | 278 | 2.0 |
| FY2022 | 4,430 | 4,432 | 4,150 | 283 | 2.0 |
| FY2023 | 4,506 | 4,506 | 4,209 | 298 | 2.0 |
| FY2024 | 4,526 | 4,526 | 4,326 | 200 | 2.0 |
| FY2025 | 4,627 | 4,627 | 4,434 | 193 | 2.0 |
| FY2026 | 4,702 | 4,702 | 4,497 | 205 | 2.0 |
Among the agencies
Among the 31 agencies compared on the same years, State Courts ranks #14 of 31 on spending excluding construction growth above the baseline in percentage points, #20 of 31 on cumulative dollars above the baseline path, #13 of 31 on spending excluding construction per resident in FY2026, and #5 of 31 on growth in established positions relative to population growth.
Key observations
What the numbers support. Descriptive, not prescriptive. Single-year changes in a budget entity are listed when the entity rose 25% or more or fell 30% or more in a year, by at least $10 million or 2% of the agency's spending excluding construction, whichever is larger; the three largest by dollars are printed.
- State Courts spending excluding construction rose from $529M in FY2019 to $772M in FY2026, 46.0%. The population-and-inflation baseline was 45.1%: at that rate the FY2026 figure would be $767M, so FY2026 is $4.7M above the baseline. Over the seven years FY2020–FY2026, spending excluding construction ran a cumulative $63M below the baseline path. (The end point and the path point different ways because earlier years ran the other way.)
- Per resident, spending excluding construction went from $25 in FY2019 to $33 in FY2026, which is $25 in FY2019 dollars.
- Set aside from the figures above and shown separately: fixed capital outlay — construction and land — was $0 in FY2019 and $1.8M in FY2026; transfers to state trust funds or the General Revenue Fund, which appear again as spending when drawn from the receiving fund, were $0 in FY2019 and $0 in FY2026, with a high of $15M in FY2015.
- Split at the pandemic years: FY2019–FY2022 spending excluding construction grew 12.8% against a 17.3% baseline, and FY2022–FY2026 it grew 29.4% against 23.7%.
- Of the FY2026 operating budget (all categories, construction included), 86% was General Revenue, 13% state trust funds and an estimated 2% federal money. Spending excluding construction from state funds (General Revenue and state trust funds; General Revenue from the ledger, the trust-fund part by the fund rule) grew 45.7% between FY2019 and FY2026, in line with the baseline; from federal money it grew 62.6%, from $7.6M to $12M (the ledger pages give the General Revenue and trust-fund dollars exactly; the federal share of trust funds is estimated).
- The budget entity with the most spending above the baseline was Court Operations - Appellate Courts: $48M in FY2019 to $77M in FY2026 (+60.6%, against a 45.1% baseline).
- The budget entity furthest below the baseline was Court Operations - County Courts: $96M in FY2019 to $135M in FY2026 (+40.3%, against the same 45.1% baseline).
- Established positions went from 4,302 in FY2019 to 4,702 in FY2026 (+9.3%), against population growth of 11.9%; that is 2.0 positions per 10,000 residents in FY2026, from 2.0 in FY2019.
- In FY2026 the operating budget was $780M and spending $773M; the $6.7M difference (<1%) is budget authority not drawn within the year: $3.5M in fixed capital outlay grants to local governments and non-state entities, $3.2M in fixed capital outlay (construction money spent over several years). Amounts that reverted at year-end are already out of the operating budget shown.
- Among the 31 agencies compared, State Courts ranks #14 of 31 on spending excluding construction growth above the baseline (percentage points, FY2019–FY2026) and #20 of 31 on cumulative dollars above the baseline path.
Questions this raises
Questions an agency or legislative staff member could answer. The records show the change; they do not show the reason.
- What drove Court Operations - Appellate Courts spending from $48M to $77M between FY2019 and FY2026?
Sources and method
- Transparency Florida — State Court System: operating budget and amount spent by budget entity, FY2026 (the same page for each year FY2015–FY2027) — Executive Office of the Governor, from the state's accounting system (FLAIR) and appropriations system (LAS/PBS)
- Transparency Florida — State Court System: budget analyst view, with the budget-entity detail pages (appropriations by category and fund) — same source
- Transparency Florida — State Positions summary, each year — same source
- Transparency Florida — Ten-Year History of Appropriations, State Court System (enacted appropriations by program, operations and fixed capital outlay, FY2016–FY2025) — same source
- Florida Fiscal Portal — State Court System, Legislative Budget Request, Exhibit D-3A (used for the state / federal split of trust funds) — Executive Office of the Governor, Office of Policy and Budget
- Florida Demographic Estimating Conference, June 22, 2026 — Florida resident population, April 1 of each year — Office of Economic and Demographic Research
- CPI-U, All Items, South region (BLS series CUUR0300SA0), via FRED; July–June fiscal-year averages
Figures are amounts spent and operating budgets as recorded on Transparency Florida, the Governor's budget and spending site, for each fiscal year; positions from the same site's State Positions summary. The baseline multiplies the FY2019 figure by population growth (EDR's April 1 estimates, the one published series, no splice) and by the change in the CPI-U for the South region (July–June averages). This is an analysis of public records; it is not an examination of any agency's books, and it makes no recommendation. Method and limits: About this study. Feedback is welcome by email at [email protected].